Journal: BMC Clinical Pathology

Article Title: Diagnostic accuracy of monoclonal antibody based serum immunoglobulin free light chain immunoassays in myeloma cast nephropathy

doi: 10.1186/1472-6890-12-12

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of established (Freelite) and novel (Siemens) serum free light chain assays in patients with multiple myeloma and acute kidney injury. The new serum FLC assays did not identify nephrotoxic levels of monoclonal FLCs in 18% of patients studied ( A ), largely this can be explained by the poor performance of the lambda assay ( B ). In comparison the correlation of the kappa assays was reasonable ( C ).

Article Snippet: Serum κ and λ FLC concentrations were measured by nephelometry, on a Dade-Behring BNTMII Analyser, using particle-enhanced, high-specificity, homogeneous immunoassays (FreeliteTM, The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK [ ] and N-Latex FLC, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Products GmBh, Germany).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: BMC Clinical Pathology

Article Title: Diagnostic accuracy of monoclonal antibody based serum immunoglobulin free light chain immunoassays in myeloma cast nephropathy

doi: 10.1186/1472-6890-12-12

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary for comparison of diagnostic accuracies between the two free light chain assays in patients with multiple myeloma and acute kidney injury

Article Snippet: Serum κ and λ FLC concentrations were measured by nephelometry, on a Dade-Behring BNTMII Analyser, using particle-enhanced, high-specificity, homogeneous immunoassays (FreeliteTM, The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK [ ] and N-Latex FLC, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Products GmBh, Germany).

Techniques: Comparison, Diagnostic Assay

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker in Early and Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071629

Figure Lengend Snippet: FLCk quotients of the RMS cohort ( A ) and PMS cohort ( B ) in double logarithmic free light chain kappa (FLCk) quotient diagrams. OCB positivity is represented by black and negativity by grey coloration. Circles represent early onset, triangles late onset MS squares represent samples with MRZ positivity, rhombus MRZ negativity. ( A ) In RMS patients, 98% of the QFLCk values are above the Q FLCk (lim) reference range in early onset and in 100% in late onset RMS. ( B ) In PMS patients, 90% of the QFLCk values are above the Q FLCk (lim) reference range in early onset and in 92% in late onset PMS. IF = intrathecal fraction, FLCk = free light chains kappa, MS = multiple sclerosis, RMS = relapsing MS, PMS = progressive MS, OCB = oligoclonal bands, and MRZ = measles, rubella, and zoster reaction.

Article Snippet: To determinate FLCk concentrations in CSF and serum samples, a nephelometric assay (N Latex FLC kappa Kit; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was used in both centers according to the manufacturer’s instructions on a BN ProSpec analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker in Early and Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071629

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of intrathecally synthesized IgG ( A ), IgA ( B ), IgM ( C ) and free light chains kappa; FLCk ( D ) given as local concentrations. Loc = Local concentration, E-RMS = early onset relapsing multiple sclerosis, L-RMS = late onset relapsing multiple sclerosis, E-PMS = early onset progressive multiple sclerosis, L-PMS = late onset progressive multiple sclerosis, and n.s. = not statistically significant. Overall, the p -value in ( B ) is statistically significant. Comparison between early onset and late onset RMS and PMS was not statistically significant (early versus late RMS: p = 0.4769; early versus late PMS: 0.6638). Comparison of early onset RMS and PMS, as well as late onset RMS and PMS, was statistically significant for early, as well as late, onset MS (early onset MS: p = 0.0073; late onset MS: p = 0.0077).

Article Snippet: To determinate FLCk concentrations in CSF and serum samples, a nephelometric assay (N Latex FLC kappa Kit; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was used in both centers according to the manufacturer’s instructions on a BN ProSpec analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Synthesized, Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Analytical Criticalities Associated to Different Immunological Methods for Serum Free Light Chain Detection in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: A Description of Particular Clinical Cases

doi: 10.3390/ijms18040804

Figure Lengend Snippet: First clinical case: ( A ) Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum proteins, performed with semi-automatic analyzer Hydrasys 2 (Sebia), shows a normal profile; ( B ) High resolution electrophoresis performed on agarose gel in urine (U) and serum (S) samples of patient. In both matrices M-proteins were detected; ( C , D ) Immunofixation of serum ( C ) and urine ( D ). The figures show two monoclonal λ-free light chains proteins. ELP: fixative for electrophoretically separated proteins; G: IFE with antiserum anti-γ; A: with antiserum anti-α; M: with antiserum anti-μ; K: with antiserum anti-κ; L: with antiserum anti-λ.

Article Snippet: Currently available methods for sFLC quantification are the FreeliteTM assay (The Binding Site) and the N-Latex FLC (Siemens) [ , , ].

Techniques: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Analytical Criticalities Associated to Different Immunological Methods for Serum Free Light Chain Detection in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: A Description of Particular Clinical Cases

doi: 10.3390/ijms18040804

Figure Lengend Snippet: The measurement of sFLC using N-Latex FLC and Freelite™ on serum in the three clinical case.

Article Snippet: Currently available methods for sFLC quantification are the FreeliteTM assay (The Binding Site) and the N-Latex FLC (Siemens) [ , , ].

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Analytical Criticalities Associated to Different Immunological Methods for Serum Free Light Chain Detection in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: A Description of Particular Clinical Cases

doi: 10.3390/ijms18040804

Figure Lengend Snippet: First clinical case: ( A ) Serum immunofixation of patients with anti-IgD, anti-IgE, and anti-λ free light chains antisera, which confirms the presence of an M-protein consisting of free light chains λ. EP: electrophoretic migration; IgD: IFE with antiserum δ; IgE: IFE with antiserum ε; Ktot: IFE with antiserum anti-κ; λ tot: IFE with anti-λ antiserum; λ free: IFE with specific antiserum anti-λ free; ( B ) Immunoblotting of serum (S) and urine (U) of the patient. The monoclonal protein is evident in both biological matrices; ( C ) SDS-PAGE is used for the separation of proteins based on their molecular weight. The bands are recovered after electrophoresis on agarose gel high-resolution. The figure shows the presence of proteins with MW of 22,000 and 44,000 Da, corresponding to monomers and dimers of λ free light chains. M: proteins PM-known index; Ctrl: control serum of patient with known monoclonal protein λ free light chain; U: urine of patient; S: serum of patient.

Article Snippet: Currently available methods for sFLC quantification are the FreeliteTM assay (The Binding Site) and the N-Latex FLC (Siemens) [ , , ].

Techniques: Migration, Western Blot, SDS Page, Molecular Weight, Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Control

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Passing–Bablok ( a ) and Bland–Altman ( b ) analyses were performed using 187 serum samples from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM, n = 33), light-chain multiple myeloma (LCMM, n = 8) or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM, n = 6). Shown are the results for the determination of κ and λ FLC and κ/λ ratio determined by N Latex FLC and Freelite. Bland–Altman plots reveal agreement between N Latex FLC and Freelite. A positive bias indicates higher values for the determination of FLC by Freelite compared with N Latex FLC. For a better representation of FLC results, two samples with extreme κ FLC results were not shown (sample 1: κ FLC results of Freelite: 14500 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 11200 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 3456 mg/l; sample 2: κ FLC results of Freelite: 31800 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 5880 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 6093 mg/l).

Article Snippet: κ/λ ratio , N Latex FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , .

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concordance of FLC measurements.

Article Snippet: κ/λ ratio , N Latex FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , .

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: The results of κ and λ FLC and κ/λ ratio determination by Sebia FLC are compared with N Latex FLC and Freelite results using 187 serum samples from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM, n = 33), light-chain multiple myeloma (LCMM, n = 8), or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM, n = 6). Shown are the results of Passing–Bablok ( a ) and Bland–Altman ( b ) analyses. Bland–Altman plots indicate agreement between FLC assays. A positive bias indicates higher values for determination of FLC by Freelite or N Latex FLC compared with Sebia FLC. For a better representation of FLC results, four samples with extreme κ FLC results or κ/λ ratios were not shown (sample 1: κ FLC results of Freelite: 14,500 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 11,200 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 3456 mg/l; sample 2: κ FLC results of Freelite: 31,800 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 5880 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 6093 mg/l; sample 3: κ/λ ratios of Freelite: 62,281, N Latex FLC: 727, Sebia FLC: 214; sample 4: κ/λ ratios of Freelite: 27146, N Latex FLC: 605, Sebia FLC: 406).

Article Snippet: κ/λ ratio , N Latex FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , .

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concordance of iFLC/niFLC.

Article Snippet: κ/λ ratio , N Latex FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed thresholds for equivalent iFLC/niFLC ratios between different FLC assays.

Article Snippet: κ/λ ratio , N Latex FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , .

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Shown are λ FLC concentrations measured by Freelite, N Latex FLC, and Sebia FLC in clinical course of patients with clinically leading λ LCMM at indicated time points (tp). Patient MM47 represents a clinical course with partial response under initiated therapy resulting in a later documented progressive disease (measured by Freelite). Sebia FLC measurements, which were only accessible for time points 2–4, showed a markedly lower λ FLC. N Latex FLC results did not detect pathological λ FLC concentrations. Patient MM02 represents clinical stable disease after the first follow-up (measured by Freelite). λ FLC determination by Sebia FLC or N Latex FLC at diagnosis with response assessment with Freelite at tp1 might have lead to the wrong conclusion of progressive disease (indicated by arrow). Finding of markedly higher values can be observed also the other way around: in patient MM23, Sebia FLC detected markedly higher λ FLC values compared with Freelite and N Latex FLC.

Article Snippet: κ/λ ratio , N Latex FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , , κ/λ ratio , Sebia FLC , .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Serum Free Light-Chain Ratio at Diagnosis Is Associated with Early Renal Damage in Multiple Myeloma: A Case Series Real-World Study

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071657

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical characteristics at baseline.

Article Snippet: Diagnostic N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kits (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Milan, Italy) were used for FLC assessment as previously described [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Serum Free Light-Chain Ratio at Diagnosis Is Associated with Early Renal Damage in Multiple Myeloma: A Case Series Real-World Study

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071657

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical characteristics based on sFLC ratio values.

Article Snippet: Diagnostic N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kits (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Milan, Italy) were used for FLC assessment as previously described [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Serum Free Light-Chain Ratio at Diagnosis Is Associated with Early Renal Damage in Multiple Myeloma: A Case Series Real-World Study

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071657

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum standardized free light-chain (sFLC) ratio distribution. ( A ) Patients were divided based on multiple myeloma (MM) types, such as immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgD, or IgA, and light-chain types and sFLC ratio values were compared among groups. ( B ) Similarly, sFLC ratio values at diagnosis were compared based on Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) stages. According to the normal range of the sFLC ratio, patients were divided based on normal or abnormal values at diagnosis and ( C ) percentage of bone marrow (BM) plasma cells or ( D ) the ratio between BM plasma cells and residual hemopoiesis were compared among groups. Data are shown as mean + SD. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Diagnostic N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kits (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Milan, Italy) were used for FLC assessment as previously described [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Serum Free Light-Chain Ratio at Diagnosis Is Associated with Early Renal Damage in Multiple Myeloma: A Case Series Real-World Study

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071657

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation analysis between clinical and laboratory markers. Correlation analysis was performed with Pearson analysis among serum standardized free light-chain (sFLC) ratio, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) stages, bone marrow (BM) plasma cells detected by morphology (Cyt), immunohistochemistry (IHC) or flow cytometry (FC), percent of BM populations detected by FC, laboratory, and clinical findings, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Article Snippet: Diagnostic N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kits (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Milan, Italy) were used for FLC assessment as previously described [ ].

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, Filtration